PCB LAYOUT OF OBSTACLE

METHODOLOGY

CONTENT:

As usual, after schematic design is complete up and ensure about the connection, the circuit need to convert to the PCB layout. So, this is another circuit that I have convert before go to the etching process. PCB layout is very important because, from this process, I can print the connection on the PCB board. When I can make a connection of all the circuit on a PCB board, so I can see the fully function of my project.

OBJECTIVES:

• To make sure that the connection is correct and can work well..
• To enhance my skill on how to convert the schematic to PCB layout..

CIRCUIT OF OBSTACLE SENSOR

METHODOLOGY

CONTENT:

This is another circuit that will include in my project. It is very important in order to detect any obstacle that may appear in front of this project during its operation. So, by design this circuit, it will make the project automatically stop to avoid the project from hit the obstacle. Besides, it is also can make the buzzer sound to give warning to people that there got an obstacle.This project will move on again when the obstacle was put away from in front of it.

OBJECTIVES:

• To make the project alert about the presence of any obstacle.
• To learn how the circuit can detect an obstacle.
• To choose a suitable component for this circuit.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR 7805

LITERATURE REVIEW

CONTENT:

A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. It may use an electromagnetic mechanism, or passive or active electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages. Voltage regulators employ built-in current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe-operating area protection which makes them virtually immune to damage from output overloads. With adequate heat-sinking, they can deliver in excess of 0.5A output current. There are a few features in of the component

• Output current in excess of 0.5A
• No external components
• Internal thermal overload protection
• Internal short circuit current-limiting
• Output transistor safe-area compensation

Since the power supply of my circuit is 12V, so I need to use this component in order to protect the PIC circuit and motor driver from any harm.

OBJECTIVES:

• To choose a suitable and safe component for my circuit.
• To know the function and its benefit towards my project.

L298N AS MOTOR DRIVER

LITERATURE REVIEW

CONTENT:

L298N

This is a component that I use in motor driver circuit. As I mention in previous post, I will briefly explain about this chip. The L298N is a power integrated circuit usable for driving resistive and inductive load. The device contains 4 push-pull drivers with separate logic input. Two enables input are provided for power down and chopping. Each driver is capable of driving load up to 2A continuously. Logic input to the L298 have high input threshold (1.85V) and hysteresis to provide trouble-free operation in noisy environment normally associated with motors and inductors. Separate logic and load supply lines are provided to reduce total IC power consumption. Power consumption is reduce further when the enable inputs are low. This makes the L298 ideal for system that require low standby current such as battery operated equipment. 

PIN CONNECTION DIAGRAM

OBJECTIVE:

• To strongly understand the function of component that will use in my circuit.
• To identify whether this component suitable for the operation of  system.

PCB LAYOUT OF MOTOR DRIVER

METHODOLOGY

CONTENT:

Once I finish up design the schematic circuit of motor, I have to convert the schematic to PCB layout in order to do the etching process. Like the previous step, I have to print on the OHP paper first before iron the paper on the PCB board. Then, I have put a side the circuit to complete another circuit first.

OBJECTIVES:

• To complete up one of my circuit of this project.
• To recognize the connection between each component is correct.

CIRCUIT OF MOTOR DRIVER

METHODOLOGY

CONTENT:

After design the PIC circuit, I have to design a few circuit to complete up the function of my project. This circuit is one of the part that need to be consider because it will make my project move on the track. But, the operation is still depend on the programmed in PIC circuit. In order to make it function successfully, I have to use this circuit because the motor cannot connected directly to the PIC because it cannot give sufficient current to the motor. So, I connect this motor driver between motor and PIC. In this circuit, I use the L298N chip as the heart of this motor driver because it has a practically features that need in the motor driver circuit including thermal shut-down which is it will slow down and stop the operation if overloaded is happen. The 7805 voltage regulator also used in this circuit to give a low voltage dropout which means it only needs more than 5.5V to give a regulated 5V output . It is very useful because that I can powering my system from only a 6V battery. I will briefly explain about both component in the next post.

OBJECTIVE:

• To complete up one of the main part of this project that will make it successfully function.
• To recognize the component that suitable to use in this circuit.

PCB LAYOUT OF PIC 16F877A

METHODOLOGY

CONTENT:

The next step that I need to proceed is print out the schematic on the PCB board . After the schematic design is complete, then I convert the schematic into PCB layout design. So it will be easy for me to make the connection by print the design on the OHP paper. Then, I have to iron the paper on the PCB board before I go to the next step which is etching. But, I will complete up all the circuit first before I etching all the circuit together.

OBJECTIVES:

• To learn how to convert the schematic into PCB layout.
• To know the step to print the layout on the PCB board.
• To ensure the connection is correct or not.